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The '' République des Sept-Dizains'' (German ''Republik der Sieben Zenden'' "Republic of the Seven Tithings") was a state in the Upper Valais, in what is now the Swiss canton of Valais, during the Early Modern period. The seven tithings were Brig, Goms, Leuk, Raron, Sierre, Sion and Visp. They emerged in the 14th century, and were granted certain privileges by Charles IV in 1353. These territories had enjoyed de facto independence since the later 15th century, seizing much of the Lower Valais formerly controlled by the House of Savoy in 1475. This happened in the context of the Burgundian Wars, and with the agreement of both the bishop of Sion and the canton of Berne. The tithings gained further autonomy as a result of the conflict with bishop Matthäus Schiner after the Battle of Marignano (1515), and again with the constitutional establishment of the ''Zendenherrschaft'' (sovereignty of the tithings) in 1571. The conflict between the prince-bishops and the communes simmered on into the 17th century. In 1613, the bishop was forced to forfeit his claim on the tithings, at first temporarily, then permanently in 1634, marking the beginning of the ''de jure'' sovereignty of the tithings and the end of the secular power of the prince-bishops. The communes of the Valais first referred to themselves as a democratic Republic in a document of 1619; the distinctive seven-star coat of arms which forms the basis of the current cantonal coat of arms dates to 1628. The ''République des Sept-Dizains'' was abolished, and united with the Lower Valais, declared as the short lived (16 March to 1 May 1798) ''République du Valais'', which was in turn incorporated as the canton of Valais of the Helvetic Republic, but in 1802 again seceded as the French client state of the Rhodanic Republic, which in 1810 became the French ''département du Simplon'' before in 1815 finally emerging as the Swiss canton. ==References== * "Valais". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「République des Sept-Dizains」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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